Glossary Kuputaka
Term |
Explanation |
ableism |
Attitudes and behaviours society uses that privilege non-disabled people. This includes when negative assumptions are made about the skills, capacities and interests of disabled people, and when their lived experiences are denied. |
assimilation |
Government policy referring to the process through which individuals and groups of a minority culture are made to change their attitudes, beliefs, practices and ways of life and must acquire the habits, attitudes and ways of life of the majority culture. |
audism |
A discriminatory belief that the ability to hear makes one superior to those who do not hear. |
autonomy |
Self-government, or the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. |
bodily integrity |
The right to make decisions about your own body and the idea that our bodies belong only to ourselves. |
borstal |
Institutions for young offenders (aged 15 to 21), aimed at reforming behaviour and preventing offenders from becoming “habitual criminals”. Borstals ran from 1924 until 1981 under the Prevention of Crime Act (Borstal Institutions Establishment) Act 1924. |
co-occurring abuse |
When a person experiences an abusive or neglectful situation with multiple harms occurring at the same time. |
cultural capability |
Having the skills, knowledge, behaviours and systems to deliver an experience in a culturally respectful and appropriate way. |
cultural racism |
Negative attitudes to the culture and lifestyles of indigenous and minority culture. |
cumulative abuse |
Harmful effects of abuse accumulating over time. Each instance of abuse adds to the overall impact, increasing its severity. |
deinstitutionalisation |
The process of closing institutions that housed disabled people based on government policy. |
detribalising |
Removing someone from a collective tribal social structure. |
disablism |
Conscious, direct discrimination against people who are disabled, based on their disability. |
ECT |
ECT means electroconvulsive therapy. It involves passing an electrical stimulus through two electrodes placed on the head of a patient to cause a seizure. ECT was sometimes given ‘unmodified’; that is, without anaesthetic and muscle relaxant. Properly administered, ECT, whether modified or unmodified, should be painless. |
eugenics |
A pseudo-science that aims to improve the genetic quality of the human population. This included altering gene pools by excluding people and groups deemed to be ‘inferior’. |
excommunicated |
A decision by a religious organisation to reject a member of a faith. |
eurocentric |
Reflects a way of thinking that interprets the world in terms of European culture, history, values and experiences and regards it as more important than the culture history, values and experiences of others. |
fono |
The word fono is used in different Pacific countries. In general, the term means councils or meetings great and small. The term can apply to national assemblies or any type of meeting between people. |
forensic (eg forensic psychiatric services, forensic wards, forensic services) |
A branch of care that exists at the interface of the mental health and criminal justice sectors. Entry into forensic services involves an individual being charged with a criminal offence and being referred to this specialised mental health setting for assessment and treatment. |
holistic redress |
Setting right what has been done wrong; what Aotearoa New Zealand might do to put right the profound harm that has been done to individuals, whānau and communities through abuse in care. |
indivisibility |
The idea that something or someone is not able to be separated from its essential parts. |
institutionalisation |
The state of being placed or kept in a residential institution. The term can also be defined as a process in which individuals who reside in an institution gradually develop certain unhealthy patterns of behaviour as a result of depersonalised and strict routines that are followed to enable a small group of staff to deliver basic services. |
institutional racism |
Discriminatory policies and practices of institutions that routinely produce racially inequitable outcomes for certain groups based on race, ethnicity, skin colour or national origin, and advantage other groups for the same reasons. |
intersectionality, intersectional identity |
Intersectionality looks at the intersecting or different parts of a person’s identity (such as their ethnicity, culture, gender, disability, background, experiences) and how those aspects interact in shaping their experiences. |
kāinga |
A reo Māori term for traditional village habitation. |
kāwanatanga |
A reo Māori term, an adaptation of the English word ‘governor’. |
kaupapa Māori |
A reo Māori term for Māori approach, Māori topic, Māori customary practice, Māori agenda, Māori principles, Māori ideology – a philosophical doctrine incorporating the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values of Māori society. |
mana motuhake |
A reo Māori term for enabling the right for Māori to be Māori (Māori self-determination); to exercise their authority over their lives, and to live on Māori terms and according to Māori philosophies, values and practices including tikanga Māori. |
mātauranga Māori |
A reo Māori term for Māori knowledge. It’s a modern term that broadly includes traditions, values, concepts, philosophies, worldviews and understandings derived from uniquely Māori cultural points of view. It traverses customary and contemporary systems of knowledge. |
mental integrity |
The right against mental interference. |
misidentification (ethnic misidentification) |
When a care institution labels a survivor by the wrong ethnicity, denying them knowledge of their culture, language, whakapapa and identity. |
monocultural |
Describes a way of life, worldview, where attitudes and behaviours consists of one dominant group and culture. |
MVPFAFF+ |
Diverse sexualities, gender expressions and roles across Pacific cultures. It stands for māhū, vakasalewalewa, palopa, fa’afafine, akava’ine, fakaleiti (leiti), fakafifine. |
neuroleptics |
Antipsychotic medications used for the treatment and management of symptoms associated with various psychiatric disorders. |
oralism |
The system of teaching deaf people to communicate by the use of speech and lip-reading rather than sign language. |
paternalistic policies |
Policies that limit a person or group's liberty or autonomy and are intended to promote their own good. |
psychopaedic |
Outdated Aotearoa New Zealand term to distinguish people with a learning disability from people experiencing mental distress. |
puretumu torowhānui |
A reo Māori term that translates to – holistic redress and setting right what has been done wrong; what Aotearoa New Zealand might do to put right the profound harm that has been done to individuals, whānau and communities through abuse in care. |
shock treatment
|
Another term for ECT which means electroconvulsive therapy. It involves passing an electrical stimulus through two electrodes placed on the head of a patient to cause a seizure. ECT was sometimes given ‘unmodified’; that is, without anaesthetic and muscle relaxant. Properly administered, ECT, whether modified or unmodified, should be painless. |
shunned |
To deliberately avoid, keep away from. It is the act of social rejection or emotional distance. In a religious context, it is a formal decision by the faith to cease interaction with an individual or a group. |
self-determination, including for indigenous peoples |
The right to form a political entity. |
societal and systemic racism / structural racism |
A form of indirect discrimination as it occurs when an action, omission, or policy that appears to treat everyone in the same manner, actually creates negative effects unfairly impacting a particular group. |
structural racism |
A form of indirect discrimination as it occurs when an action, omission, or policy that appears to treat everyone in the same manner, actually creates negative effects unfairly impacting a particular group. |
tāngata kāpō Māori
|
A reo Māori term for a person who is blind and Māori
|
tāngata turi Māori |
A reo Māori term for a person who is Māori and Deaf and may include those who are hard of hearing. |
tāngata whaikaha Māori |
A reo Māori term for disabled people. It reflects a definition of people who are determined to do well. |
tāngata whaiora Māori |
A reo Māori term for people who are seeking health. It can also be used to refer to a person receiving assessment and treatment in mental health, addiction and intellectual disability services. |
Terms of Reference |
The legal document setting out the Inquiry’s purpose and scope as set by the government, and the matters that are out of scope. |
tikanga Māori |
A reo Māori term for behavioural guidelines for living and interacting with others in ao Māori. |
tino rangatiratanga |
A reo Māori term for self-determination, sovereignty, independence and autonomy. |
universality |
The idea that all people have equal human rights, whoever they are and wherever they live, regardless of their status or characteristics. |
urbanisation |
Population shift from rural to urban areas. |
whāngai |
A reo Māori term for Māori customary adoption or fostering of children or young people. |
whānau hauā Māori |
A reo Māori term for a person with disabilities, which reflects te ao Māori perspectives and collective orientation. |
whānau Turi |
A reo Māori term for whānau of Deaf people who are also Māori. |